We are all hankering after happiness. But we do not know how to get happiness. That is advised by Ṛṣabhadeva, father of Mahārāja Bharata, under whose name this planet is called Bhārata-varṣa. This planet, not this country. Bhārata-varṣa. Formerly it was known as Ilāvṛta-varṣa. So after the reign of Mahārāja Bharata, Emperor Bharata, this planet is called Bhārata-varṣa. But because we have lost our culture now, we are now a small piece of land. Just like Pakistan went. We could not maintain our culture. Formerly, the kings were maintaining the culture and controlling the whole world.
So it is warning that those who have not undergone austerities, as Ṛṣabhadeva says, that this human form of body . . . everyone has got a material body. The cats and dogs and hogs and trees and everyone has got. But ayaṁ dehaḥ nṛloke, especially in the human society, it is not meant for gratifying the senses, working very hard whole day and night, like the hogs. The very example is given: hogs. Viḍ-bhujām. Viḍ-bhujām means hogs, the stool-eater.
The stool-eater, you'll find the stool-eater, the whole day and night searching after stool, "Where is stool? Where is stool?" At night also, you'll find engaged. Day also, engaged. These are the examples by nature. What for? What is the business? Now, eating stool. And then, as soon as he gets some strength, then sex. Never mind, mother, sister or anything. This is hog civilization. "Eat whatever you like, no discrimination, even up to stool, and then have sexual intercourse. That's all."
So this is the warning of Ṛṣabhadeva, that this human life is not meant for this purpose, like hogs and dogs. Then what it is? Tapo. That is state . . . stated here also: nātapaskāya. One who has not undergone austerities and penances according to the Vedic system, what he can understand Bhagavad-gītā and the Vedas?
Therefore He has warned. And what is the result of tapasya? To become bhakta, devotee. Bahūnāṁ janmanām ante jñānavān māṁ prapadyate (BG 7.19). One who has actually undergone austerities, penances, then the result will be that he will surrender to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. That is bhakta.
So after tapasya, one becomes bhakta. And as soon as one becomes bhakta, he enjoys life. He enjoys life. Natural stage. That is mukti. Hitvā anyathā-rūpam. Muktir hitvā anyathā-rūpam. Anyathā-rūpam means defying the authority of God. That is anyathā-rūpam.
Because we are a part and parcel of God, therefore our business is to abide by the orders of God. But as soon as we defy God, that is anyathā-rūpam. So mukti means hitvā anyathā-rūpam. That is mukti. Mukti means hitvā anyathā-rūpam, giving up this nonsense practice, defying God. Anyathā-rūpam. Sva-rūpeṇa vyavasthitiḥ, to be situated in his own constitutional position.
What is the constitutional position? The constitutional position is to serve. Just like part and parcel of my body, this finger, is to serve the body. This is constitutional position. If the finger denies, "No, I am God. Why shall I serve you?" that is anyathā-rūpam. So mukti means to give up anyathā-rūpam. And that is the demand of Kṛṣṇa. Sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṁ śaraṇaṁ vraja (BG 18.66): "You have manufactured so many rascaldom in the name of religion. Give up all this nonsense. Simply surrender unto Me." This is wanted.
But Kṛṣṇa knows that, "If I say to the rascals, 'Surrender unto Me,' he'll take otherwise." A big scholar says: "Oh, this is too much. Sophistry." Kṛṣṇa is demanding, "Simply surrender unto Me," and the commenter, commentator, is remarking, "Oh, this is too much."
And actually we are feeling, "Why we shall surrender to Kṛṣṇa? We have got many other . . . we have got another Kṛṣṇa, another this, another this . . . why alone to Kṛṣṇa?" Because he cannot understand. Because he has not undergone penance and austerities and not has become a devotee, how he can understand Kṛṣṇa?
Therefore He's warning, "Don't talk this thing, this surrender unto Me, or surrender to Kṛṣṇa, to the rascals and nonsense. They'll not accept it." Therefore He has warned. But if you say: "Why you are preaching?" we are taking the risk. We know that ordinary person, they'll not understand, but it has become our duty, because we are servant of Kṛṣṇa. The servant of Kṛṣṇa, we are going from country to country, from door to door, and flattering them, falling them, falling down on their lotus feet. Just like Prabodhānanda Sarasvatī said, dante nidhāya tṛṇakaṁ padayor nipatya.
He was a great devotee of Lord Caitanya. Caitanya and Kṛṣṇa, the same. So he says: "I have taken a grass on my mouth." That is a Indian system, you know. To accept a grass, that means to become very humble. Dante nidhāya tṛṇakaṁ padayor nipatya: "And falling down on your feet," kāku-śataṁ kṛtvā cāhaṁ bravīmi, "I am flattering you hundred times. I am just appealing to you one thing." "What is that?"
He sādhavaḥ: "You are a very great man. You are a very pious man. But I request you: 'You give up everything. Whatever, you nonsense, you have learned, please give up.' " "Then what I have to do?" Caitanya-candra-caraṇe kuruta anurāgam: "Just become a devotee of Lord Caitanya."
And becoming Lord Caitanya . . . devotee of Lord Caitanya, what, what is the business? Lord Caitanya says:
- āmāra ājñāya guru hañā tāra' ei deśa
- yāre dekha tāre kaha kṛṣṇa-upadeśa
- (CC Madhya 7.128)
Just that, "On My order, you become a guru." And what is the business of guru? The guru's business is, yāre dekha tāre kaha kṛṣṇa-upadeśa: "You simply spread what Kṛṣṇa has said or what is said about Kṛṣṇa, kṛṣṇa-upadeśa." Upadeśa means instruction. The instruction which is given by Kṛṣṇa or the instruction given about Kṛṣṇa, that is called kṛṣṇa-upadeśa, kṛṣṇa-kathā. So Bhagavad-gītā is kṛṣṇa-upadeśa, directly Kṛṣṇa giving the instruction. And Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam is the instruction about Kṛṣṇa.