So, we have given our introduction of the Bhagavad-gītā that one has to understand Bhagavad-gītā as it is directed in the Bhagavad-gītā. There is direction. How to read Bhagavad-gītā. People are reading Bhagavad-gītā without taking the direction. This we have explained in the manner that if you take some medicine, there is some direction on the bottle, that this is the dose. You take so many drops so many times. That is direction. Similarly, for understanding Bhagavad-gītā actually, you have to accept the direction as given by the author himself, Kṛṣṇa. He says that, long long ago, some forty millions of years ago, He first spoke this Bhagavad-gītā to the Sun-God. And Sun-God transmitted the knowledge to his son, Manu. And Manu transmitted the knowledge to his son, Iksvaku.
- imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ
- proktavān aham avyayam
- vivasvān manave prāha
- manur ikṣvākave 'bravīt
- (BG 4.1)
So, the raja-rsis, they are all kings. Manu is king, Maharaja Iskvaku is also king, and the Sun-God Vivasvan, he is also king. He is the king of the Sun planet. And his grandson Iskvaku became the king of this planet, Maharaja Iskvaku. And in this dynasty, which is known as Raghu-vamsa, Lord Ramachandra appeared. This is very old monarchical family. Iskvaku vamsa, Raghu vamsa. Vamsa means family. So formerly, the kings, the head of the administrative executive, they used to learn the thesis or the injunction given by God. So according to Bhagavad-gītā, only a devotee of Kṛṣṇa, a person who is intimately related with Kṛṣṇa, he can understand what is Bhagavad-gītā. Kṛṣṇa... Arjuna, after hearing Bhagavad-gītā from Kṛṣṇa, he addressed him as:
- paraṁ brahma paraṁ dhāma
- pavitraṁ paramaṁ bhavān
- puruṣaṁ śāśvataṁ divyam
- ādi-devam ajaṁ vibhum
- (BG 10.12)
He understood Kṛṣṇa as Parambrahman. Parambrahman means the Supreme Truth. Absolute Truth, Parambrahman. Brahman, the living entities, they are also called brahman, but living entities are not Parambrahman. Parambrahman means Supreme. So Arjuna addressed him as Parambrahman, and Paramdhāman. Paramdhāman means the resting place of everything. Everything is resting on the energy of the Supreme Lord. Therefore he is called Paramdhāman. Just like all these planets are resting on the sunshine. Sunshine is the energy of the Sun globe. Similarly, this material energy is Kṛṣṇa's energy. And everything is, material or spiritual, everything is resting on Kṛṣṇa's energy. The resting place is Kṛṣṇa's energy. In another place, Kṛṣṇa says:
- mayā tatam idaṁ sarvaṁ
- jagad avyakta-mūrtinā
- mat-sthāni sarva-bhūtāni
- na cāhaṁ teṣv avasthitaḥ
- (BG 9.4)
Kṛṣṇa says that, "In my impersonal feature, I am spread everywhere." All pervading. God is all pervading by his impersonal feature, namely his energy. The example is given, just like heat is the energy of fire. The fire spreads by it's heat and light. The fire is one place, but the heat and light is spreading. Similarly, Kṛṣṇa is in his own abode, which is called Goloka Vrndavana. There is a planet in the spiritual world, the topmost planet.