Hiraṇyakaśipu became bitterest enemy of Viṣṇu, because his brother Hiranyakṣa, he was killed by Viṣṇu taking the shape of Varāha. You know the story. Since then, Hiraṇyakaśipu was bitterest enemy. "Oh, He has . . . Viṣṇu has killed my brother, so He is my greatest enemy." So he won't hear anything about Viṣṇu. Any Viṣṇu devotee, he will punish him, even his own son. That was his policy.
So he immediately called him, the teachers, and addressed him:
- brahma-bandho kim etat te
- vipakṣam śrayatāsatā
- asāraṁ grāhito bālo
- mām anādṛtya durmate
- (SB 7.5.26)
So here . . . teachers are generally Brāhmins. Not generally; to become teacher is the business of the Brāhmins. Brāhmin means they have got six kinds of . . . everyone must have livelihood. This material world is that you must work; otherwise you cannot get your livelihood. That is the law, whatever you may be.
So the Brāhmins' means of livelihood, six things: paṭhana pāṭhana yajana yājana dāna pratigraha. Paṭhana means he must be a very learned scholar, study the Vedic literature, and must teach others also. That is Brāhmin's business. And in that way, whatever the disciples bring, that is his income. No salary, no contract that, "If you pay me hundred dollars or five hundred dollars weekly, then I can teach you." No. There is no such contract. Teaching is free. It is the business of a Brāhmin to give free education to everyone. Now it is the . . . just like in our institution, I am your teacher, but there is no such contract that you have to pay me. But you pay me more than anything.
So . . . so paṭhana pāṭhana, that is the means of livelihood of Brāhmin. And Kṣatriya, they are kings. They can levy tax of the citizen, because they are giving protection from being hurt by others. Kṣatriya means one who gives protection (to) a man being hurt by others. That is the real root meaning, kṣatriya. And Vaiśya means they should kṛṣi-gorakṣya-vāṇijyam, they should engage themselves in producing foodstuff, food grains, kṛṣi, protect cows. Especially gorakṣya. As the king is meant for giving protection to the man, similarly, a Vaiśya is supposed to give protection to the cows, or they keep cows and produce milk product. They are Vaiśya. And Śūdra, simply service.
So these are the different types of employment of different kinds of social order. And a king, the king has to see that everyone is employed. Not that hundreds of people are unemployed, and government has to give welfare, subsidy. Not like that. The king's duty is that everyone is independently earning his livelihood. That is king's duty.