Sañjaya, the secretary of Dhṛtarāṣṭra . . . they were sitting in a room. So, evam uktvā, "Thus saying," Arjuna, the person . . . Arjuna is nominative case. Arjuna, saṅkhye, "in the battlefield"; rathopastha, "on the chariot"; upāviśat. You have seen the picture. When Kṛṣṇa blew His conchshell, and from the back side, Arjuna is just trying to take his arrow and fight . . . but instead of fighting, he's visṛjya sa-śaraṁ cāpam: "No, no, no. I am not going to . . . giving up. Finished. I am no more going to fight." Visṛjya sa-śaraṁ cāpam. Why it is? Śoka-saṁvigna-mānasaḥ. His mind was overwhelmed with lamentation, that "How can I kill my kinsmen?" This is the position.
So apratikāram, pratikāram. There are two things. Pratikāram means counteraction. Here in this material world, for everything there is counteraction. Just like if you are diseased, so you have to take the medicine. That is pratikāram. The disease is caused by some, what is called, disarrangement within the body. So we have to arrange, we have to set up the disarrangement within the body. That is pratikāram. Medicine; counteraction. Similarly, if somebody is coming to kill you, so you also become prepared to kill him. This is pratikāram. If somebody is drowning in the sea, then you have to give him some help, send some boat or some life buoy so that he can be saved.
So we have got so many . . . this material world is going on. It is full of dangers. Padaṁ padaṁ yad vipadam (SB 10.14.58). Material world means step by step, simply danger. That is material world. So you have to find out pratikāram, counteraction, how to save yourself from danger. Just like when we walk, we see in so many doors, "Danger," so that you may be . . . you are warned. Sometimes the doors are, "Beware of the dog." So you have to take care, "No, I shall not enter."